Nomenclature of carbon compounds
The name of componds in a homologous series are based on the name of the basic carbon chain modified by a "prefix" "phrase before" or "suffix" "phrase after" indicating the nature of the function group.For example,the names of the alcohols taken in activity are mehanol,ethanol,propanol and butanol.
Activity
(i) Identify the number of carbon atoms in the compound.A compound having three carbon atoms would have the name propane.
(ii)In case a functional group is present ,it is indicated in the name of the compound with either a prefix or a suffix (as given in table)
(iii)If the name of the functional group is to be given as a suffix, and the suffix of the functional group begins with a vowel a,e,i,o,u then the nameof the carbon chain is modified by deleting the fine 'e' and adding the approriate suffix. For example, a three-carbon chain with a ketone group would be named in the following manner -
Propane-'e' =Propane +'one' =Propanone
(iv) If the carbon chain is unsaturated, then the final 'ane' in the name of the carbon chain is substituted by 'ene' or 'yne' as given in table.For example , a three-carbon chain with a double bond would be called propane and if it has atriple bond,it would be called propane.
The name of componds in a homologous series are based on the name of the basic carbon chain modified by a "prefix" "phrase before" or "suffix" "phrase after" indicating the nature of the function group.For example,the names of the alcohols taken in activity are mehanol,ethanol,propanol and butanol.
Activity
- calculate the difference in the formulae and molecular masses for (a) CH3OH and (b)C2H5OH andC3H7OH ,and (c) C3H7OH and C4H9OH .
- Is there any similarity in these three?
- Arrange these alcohols in the order of increasing carbon atoms to get a family. can we call this family a homogenous series?
- generate the homogeneous series for compounds containing up to four carbons for the other functional groups .
(i) Identify the number of carbon atoms in the compound.A compound having three carbon atoms would have the name propane.
(ii)In case a functional group is present ,it is indicated in the name of the compound with either a prefix or a suffix (as given in table)
(iii)If the name of the functional group is to be given as a suffix, and the suffix of the functional group begins with a vowel a,e,i,o,u then the nameof the carbon chain is modified by deleting the fine 'e' and adding the approriate suffix. For example, a three-carbon chain with a ketone group would be named in the following manner -
Propane-'e' =Propane +'one' =Propanone
(iv) If the carbon chain is unsaturated, then the final 'ane' in the name of the carbon chain is substituted by 'ene' or 'yne' as given in table.For example , a three-carbon chain with a double bond would be called propane and if it has atriple bond,it would be called propane.
