Mitochondria

MITO-Thread 

chondrion-granule

• It is a thread or granular structure.
• Discoverd by kollikar and called sarcosome.
• flemming called it filla.
• Attmen called it bioblast.
• Benda called it mitochondria.
  

Morphology

Number

• The Number of mitochondria varries from cell to cell and it depends upon the functional state of the cell.
• More mitocondria are found in animal cell than the plant cell.(Because the animal need more energy so they have more mitochondria.)

Shape 

Commonly rod like but in gameters it is spherical in shape.

Size 

it is variable 

Structure

• It is surrounding by two unit membrane that is outer and inner.
• Each membrane is about 60 A°(Angstrom) and the distance between the two membrane 20 to 60 A°.
• Due to prensence of inner membrane there are formation of two chambers the outer and inner.

Outer chambers

• It contain fluid and some enzymes such as Adenylate kinase.
• It also contain H(+) and helps in synthesis of ATP.

Inner Chamber

• It contains protein,enzymes of krebs cycle,link reaction  & Beta-oxidation.
• It also contains mitrochondria (ONA CMT-ONA),ribosomes,RNA ,etc.
• The inner membrane shows infolding is called cristae that where small particle like structure is called oxysome .[oxysome-fo-f1 particle]
  
• The content of inner chember is also called matrix. 

Oxysome

• It is consiste of 3 part-Base,staik and nead.
• Base is present in the inner membrane and the staik and nead are present in the matrix.
• In the Base there runs electrotransport system[ETS] and the staik & nead the oxydative phosphonylation and synthyesis of ATP place.

Chemical Composition 

composed of 

(a)protein

(b)lipid

(c)carbohydrate

(d)Enzymes

(e)Coenzymes such as NAD(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) FAD(Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

(f)Matal ions such as Fe(++),Cu(++),Mg(++) etc.

(g)DNA 

(h)RNA

(i)Ribosomas

Function of Miochondria

• Commonly Knowns as power house of the cell or ATP mills/storage Batteries.
• Au intermediate compound the ∝-ketoglutaric acid of kreb's cycle is used for the synthesis of amino acid(glutaric acid).

DNA ,RNA & Ribosome of Mitochondria 

DNA

It is small circular and double nelcide.It contains few genes

RNA 

All the various type of RNA are present such as r-RNA ,m-RNA & I-RNA 

r-RNA(Ribosomes RNA)

m-RNA(Messenger RNA)

I-RNA (Transport)

In case of animal cell have DNA also found in mitochondria EXcept(Nuclear).

Ribosome

It is to s type.

Autonomy of Mitochondria

Although  mitochondria contain all the protein synthesis machphasy but it can't synthesis all its requirement and therefore,it depend on the nuclear DNA and therefore called"semi-autonomous of a cell" or Cell with in cell".